The sense that in both agriculture and industry too much had been attempted too soon. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran financial disclosure. Ramazani the constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced iran s first constitution. Government of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia.
Godallah divine revelation divine laws religious texts sovereigntytruth of koran supreme leader islamic revolution charismatic leadership of khomeini people of iran. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. The law forbids government censorship, but also prohibits dissemination of information the government considers damaging. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and. Outwardly, with a swiftly expanding economy and a rapidly modernizing infrastructure, everything was going well in iran. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran 1989. The army of the islamic republic of iran must be an islamic army, i. Although in the constitution of islamic republic of iran, the word citizen is not used, but this is not due to the fact that the constitution neglected the rights of citizens. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social.
Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. The iranian constitution provides for freedom of expression and of the press, except when the words are deemed detrimental to the fundamental principles of islam. Asghar schirazi chronicles and analyzes political life in iran since the revolution, showing the gradual transformation of the state from intended theocracy and republic to a hierocracy in which islam and the sharia play a subordinate role. The constitution was to observe the islamic and the nationalistic aims of the revolution with regard to the demands of a public that came from various social, religious, ethnic, and political backgrounds. Iran s 1979 constitution attempted to bring together these two notions of republican governance and religious authority. The new theocratic government structure was complex and included a mixture of elected and unelected officials.
Islamic republic of iran outright action international. The countrys 1979 constitution put into place a mixed system of government, in which the executive, parliament, and judiciary are overseen by several bodies dominated by the clergy. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of. The snsc has been established with an aim to watch over the islamic revolution and safeguard the iris national interests as well as its sovereignty and territorial integrity. The republic has a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority nominally vested in a learned religious scholar. Now the constitution of the islamic republic, as the announcement of the structure and political, social, cultural and economic relationships within society, must guide the way towards the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and produce the design for a new order of government in substitution for the old idolatrous order. The first years of the islamic republic were stormy and violent. Forced girl child marriages in the islamic republic of iran. Iranian selfimage in terms of national security and being a great power can be summed up in article 152 of its constitution. Discriminatory family code under iran s civil code, all women are considered to be under the guardianship of their father, husband, or another designated male relative. While articles one and two vest sovereignty in god, article six mandates popular elections for. The new constitution was to guarantee that the monarchy was abolished and the islamic republic system of government was enforced in its place. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikiquote. Pdf constitutional rights and liberties in the islamic republic.
The adoption of the new constitution was the second major development after the seizure of power by the revolutionary forces in tehran on february 11. Withdueattentiontotheessentialcharacterofthisgreat movement. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran constitution of the islamic republic of iran 1979 constitution of the islamic republic of iran english cultural citizenship in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran islamic penal code of the islamic republic of iran the civil code of the islamic republic of iran observations by the islamic republic of iran on the draft access to justice for children. Islamic republic of iran women activists played a significant role in the iranian revolution, but following it, with changes to the civil and penal codes and enforced segregation and public veiling, women lost the limited equal rights that they had enjoyed under the previous regime. At this time, the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, as an articulation of the political, social, cultural, and economic relations and institutions of the society, was to open the way for af. Factional dynamics in postkhomeini iran week 6 feb. At the meeting of the board of governors on 17 march 2003, the director general reported on discussions taking place with the islamic republic of iran hereinafter referred to as iran on a number. International law and islamic gafari law in the iranian constitution 1. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran is a declaration of the social. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran. A guide to the legal system of the islamic republic of iran globalex. Islamic republic of iran, the supreme national security council. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution hanover college.
At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the course of the. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, arang keshavarzian and others published the constitution of iran. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The preamble describes the history of the islamic revolution and the ideological principles of the constitution. The lifting of nuclear sanctions under the joint comprehensive plan of action jcpoa has spurred growth, but banking system weaknesses, structural bottlenecks, and hesitation by foreign banks to reestablish financial links have held back expansion of nonoil activity. The islamic republic of iran is located in southwest asia, bordering in the south with persian gulf and oman sea and from the north with the caspian sea.
Implementation of the npt safeguards agreement in the islamic republic of iran report by the director general a. Click download or read online button to get constitution of the islamic republic of iran book now. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political and economic institutions of the people of iran, based on islamic principles and rules, and reflecting the fundamental desires of the islamic people. The translation is very readable, and is a fine piece of scholarship. Describe two measures taken by iranian political leaders to democratize iran. He thus provides the context for the dramatic debate between reformists and traditionalists in iran. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the islamic ummah. The government of the islamic republic of iran has engineered one of the most repressive environments on the planet in terms of the right to free speech, said rod sanjabi, executive director of the iran human rights documentation center, adding, for decades, journalists, scholars, artists and indeed all iranians have been forced to. Restrictions on freedom of expression in the islamic. Soft power in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran.
The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the islamic umma global muslim community. Islamic republic of iran constitution iranian government constitution. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia iranica. Iran simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The supreme national security council snsc is an institution founded in the course of the revision of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran.
Article 26 and 27 of the iranian constitution both stipulate that groups may be formed and public. Article 218 if the creditor files a petition with the court submitting evidence to the. Discuss one example of how having both those sources of political legitimacy simultaneously has led to tensions in iran in the last fifteen years. Islamic republic of iran national report for central asian flyway meeting 10 june 2005, new delhi, india a. Pdf this study is aimed at analyzing aspects of individual rights and liberties in theocratic systems by examining the iranian constitution as a case.
Awards of the islamic republic of iran owain rawrees in 1979 iran became an islamic republic and the complete awards system that had existed from the time of the qajjar and pahlavi dynasties became obsolete. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 december 1979, and went into force replacing the constitution of 1906. Economic growth in the islamic republic of iran decelerated to only 0. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran unlv faculty sites. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farvardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadi alawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar islamic. Iran has an official religion, some recognized religious minorities, and acknowledges rights of nonmuslims. The islamic republic of iran was created shortly after the islamic revolution. The preamble to irans constitution states that the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. The constitution notes that the islamic revolution reflects. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran download.
The official name of the country is islamic republic of iran and shia islam is the official state religion. Iran s complex political system is, in many ways, an experiment, combining elements of a modern islamic theocracy with democracy. The adoption of the new constitution was the second major development after the seizure of power by the. Article 9 treaty stipulations which have been, in accordance with the constitutional. According to the constitution, the islamic republic of iran is a republic with separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Constitution in english alavi and associates, legal counsels, islamic republic of iran, 45 p. While articles one and two vest sovereignty in god, article six mandates popular elections for the presidency and the majlis, or parliament. The analysis outlines iran s obligations under international human rights law, in particular the right to freedom of expression and freedom of information under the international covenant.
On tuesday october 8, 20, around 50 members of the nabi akram brigade of the revolutionary guards raided a peaceful, private birthday function, in arg hall, a reception hall in a suburb of the city of kermanshah in western iran. The war on terror has had significant repercussions for the islamic republic of iran in both international and domestic arenas. Table of contents this table of contents does not form part of the act but consists of headings given in the course of the text chapter i. The situation of human rights defenders in the islamic. The shah was driven from his country on january 16, 1979. Execution of perpetrators who were minors when committing crimes,3 applications of cruel and inhuman punishments like stoning and flogging and multiple forms of discriminations of religious minorities4 are prominent exam1 for instance the report of abdelfattah amor, special rapporteur on reli. Thus article 11 of the constitution, citing quranic verse, declares. Khomeini had charged the provisional government with the task of drawing up a draft constitution. The relation between international law, islamic law and constitutional law of the islamic republic of iran a multilayer system of conflict. Historyasia abazov the palgrave concise historical. Institutionalizing the revolution the institutions of the islamic republic abridged version of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. The foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran is based upon the rejection of all forms of domination, both the exertion of it and submission to it, the preservation of the independence of the country in all. The islamic republic of iran has taken no action to ensure that this.
The civil code of the islamic republic of iran refworld. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that. Article 107 after the demise of the eminent marji altaqlid and great leader of the universal islamic revolution, and founder of the islamic republic of iran, ayatullah aluzma imam khomeyni quddisa sirruh alsharif who was recognized and accepted as marji and leader by a decisive majority of the people, the task of appointing the. While articles one and two vest sovereignty in god, article six mandates popular elections for the presidency and the. Fundamental rights and citizen rights in islamic republic.
Acceptable descriptions of a source of political legitimacy include the following. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins. Iran grants a right to work, extensive welfare rights, and a right to fruits of business. Discrimination in the family a overarching legal framework for marriage under islamic sharia, marriage is not considered as a sacrament but defined as a civil contract between a man and his wife, patterned by the. Ratified 24 october 1979 and amended to 28 july 1989. A step in this direction was taken on march 30 and 31, 1979, when a national referendum was held to determine the kind of political system to be established. The convention is binding upon iran pursuant to article 77 of the islamic republic constitution and article 9 of its civil code and has the full force of law.
Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. Tillerson speaks out after being fired world news channel. The supplement motammem to the constitution qanune asasi, lit. Iran is a unitary islamic republic with one legislative house. The constitution requires that the taking of foreign aid be approved by the parliament. It shares borders with afghanistan, armenia, azerbaijan, iraq, pakistan, turkey, and turkmenistan. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran, setting forth as it does the political, social, cultural, and economic institutions and their relations that are to exist in society, must now provide for the consolidation of the foundations of islamic government, and propose the plan of a new system of government to be erected on the ruins of the previous order. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. General definitions and principles sections 16 chapter ii. Iran islamic republic of constitution of the islamic. The supreme leader of the islamic republic of iran, called the supreme leadership authority officially in iran. On april 1, 1979, the kingdom of iran became the islamic republic of iran after a national referendum. But in little more than a generation, iran had changed from a traditional, conservative, and rural society to one that was industrial, modern, and urban. Constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements.
The constitution of islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. In the international context, iran is finding itself isolated. Unanimously, the iranian people declared their final and firm decision, in the referendum on the islamic republic, to bring about a new political system, that of the islamic republic. The constitution of 1906 was set aside, and iran became an islamic republic led by ayatollah khomeini. The constitution was adopted in 1979 and amended in 1989, was restored. Islamic republic of irans strategic culture and national.
Constitutional provisions on national and religious identity in. Iran s soft power resources were drawn to this rule. This post was established by article 5 of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran in accordance with the concept of the guardianship of the. The relation between international law, islamic law and. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia. Islamic republic of iran situation of human rights in the islamic republic. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran qanuni asasiyi jomhuiriyi islkmiyi iran has replaced iran s first constitution. This is a nice, compact edition of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran as laid out immediately after the revolution. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness.
Constitution of the islamic republic of iran introductory note by rouhollah k. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or leader. Iran s constitution, race, color, language, will not know the difference between benefitting. Iran is a constitutional islamic republic, whose political system is laid out in the 1979. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3. Politics and the state in the islamic republic by asghar schirazi. The islamic republic of iran, nevertheless, explicitly aims to support and lead the entire muslim world including both sunnis and shiis. The first major demonstrations with the intent to overthrow the shah mohammad reza pahlavi began in january 1978, with a new, islambased, theocratic constitution being approved in december 1979, ending the monarchy. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution original electronic texts at the international constitutional law web site.
This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the. The slowdown was primarily due to international sanctions and lower oil prices, which constrained private consumption, held back foreign investment and dampened exports. Iran officially the islamic republic of iran persian. Conflicting sources indicate that the computer crimes law was adopted on 1 july 2009. There is, though, a very laughable introduction to the constitution written by the translator at the beginning of the text.
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